Ko te myopia, e mōhiotia ana ko te tirohanga tata, he āhuatanga tirohanga whakamuri e tohuhia ana e te tirohanga pōuri i te tirohanga i ngā mea tawhiti, engari ka noho mārama tonu te tirohanga tata. Hei tētahi o ngā ngoikoretanga tirohanga tino kitea puta noa i te ao, ka pāngia ngā tāngata katoa puta noa i ngā reanga katoa e te myopia. Kei te piki haere tōna auau, inā koa i waenga i ngā taupori taitamariki, nō reira he mea nui ake te mārama ki ōna take matua, ngā pānga pea, me ngā rautaki ārai whai hua.
1. He aha te Myopia?
Ko te myopia, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te tirohanga tata, he hapa tirohanga e toro atu ai te karu, e piko rawa ai rānei te cornea. Nā tēnei rerekētanga hanganga ka arotahi te mārama e haere mai ana ki mua i te retina, kaua ki runga tonu, ka pōuri te tirohanga mō ngā mea tawhiti.
Ko te myopia ka whakarōpūtia i runga i te nui o te hapa whakaata:
1) Te iti o te tirohanga matapōkere:He momo ngāwari o te tirohanga tata me te iti iho i te -3.00 ngā diopters mēnā ka tohua he tohutoro.
2) Te Matapōkere Āhua-Whānui:He taumata waenga o te myopia, ko te whānuitanga o te whakahaunga i waenga i te -3.00 me te -6.00 diopters.
3) Te Matapōkere Nui:He momo myopia kino rawa atu me te nui ake o te tohu i te -6.00 diopters, e hono ana ki te mōrearea nui o te whakawhanake i ngā raruraru kanohi nui pērā i te wehenga o te retina, te glaucoma, te degeneration macular myopic rānei.
2. Ngā Take o te Myopia
He maha ngā āhuatanga o te myopia e pāngia ana e te ira tangata, ngā pānga taiao, me ngā whanonga noho. Ko ngā āhuatanga matua e whai wāhi ana ko:
Ngā Take Ira
Mā te hītori whānau o te myopia ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te tangata ki te pāngia e te mate. Ko ngā tamariki e pāngia ana e te myopia tētahi, e rua rānei ngā mātua, he nui ake te tūponotanga ki te pāngia e tēnei hapa tirohanga, e whakaatu ana i te wāhanga tuku iho kaha o te mate.
Ngā āhuatanga taiao
1) Te Mahi Tata Roa:Ko te whai wāhi tonu ki ngā mahi e hiahia ana kia arotahi tata ki te tirohanga, pērā i te pānui, te tuhituhi, te whakamahi roa rānei i ngā taputapu matihiko, ka nui te taumahatanga ki ngā kanohi, ā, kua tautuhia hei take mōrearea taiao mō te myopia.
2) Kāore i te Rawa te Whakamārama o Waho:Ko te iti o te wā e noho ana i waho, inā koa i roto i ngā taiao e nui ana te māramatanga taiao, kua tino hono atu ki te pikinga ake o te horapa o te myopia, inā koa i roto i ngā taupori tamariki. E whakaponohia ana he mahi tiaki te pānga o te māramatanga taiao ki te whakahaere i te tipu o te kanohi me te aukati i te toronga nui o te axial.
Ngā Āhuatanga Noho
Ko ngā momo āhua noho hou e roa ana te noho ki te mata, te iti o te korikori tinana, me te iti o te wā e noho ana i waho, he mea nui ēnei ki te whanaketanga me te haere whakamua o te myopia. Ka whakanui ake ēnei whanonga i te ahotea tirohanga, ā, ka whakatairanga i ngā āhuatanga kino mō te pupuri i te hauora pai o ngā kanohi.
3. Ngā Tohu o te Myopia
Ko ngā āhuatanga haumanu o te myopia ko:
1) Te Tirohanga Pōuri i Tawhiti:He uaua ki te kite mārama i ngā mea i tawhiti, engari kāore te tirohanga tata e pāngia.
2) Te Matapo pinepine, te Ngau rānei o te Kanohi:He hiahia ki te titiro pīataata hei whakapai ake i te arotahi ki ngā mea i tawhiti, he ngenge rānei o ngā kanohi i ngā mahi tirohanga roa.
3) Ngā mamae o te upoko:He maha ngā wā ka puta mai i te taumahatanga e pā ana ki te arotahi ki ngā mea tawhiti mō ngā wā roa.
4) Te Whakanuia o te Tata ki ngā Mahi Tirohanga:Me noho tata atu ki te pouaka whakaata, me pupuri rānei i ngā rauemi pānui i te tawhiti iti kia mārama ai te tirohanga.
Mena ka pāngia koe, tāu tamaiti rānei e tētahi o ēnei tohu, he mea nui kia rapua he whakamātautau kanohi whānui mai i tētahi tohunga tiaki kanohi whai tohu kia tika ai te tautuhi me te whai i ngā mahi whakatika e tika ana.
4. Te Pānga o te Myopia
Ka pā kino te myopia ki te kounga o te oranga, inā koa mēnā kāore i whakatikatikaina. Haunga ngā raruraru o te tirohanga pōuri, ka taea e te myopia teitei te arahi ki ngā raruraru hauora kanohi nui, tae atu ki:
1) Te Wehenga o te Retina:Tērā pea ka neke atu te retina i te tuarā o te kanohi, ka ngaro te tirohanga mēnā kāore e rongoatia wawetia.
2) Te karuākōma:Ka nui ake te mōrearea o te kino o te io whatu i te pēhanga nui o te kanohi i roto i ngā kanohi myopic.
3) Te Hekenga o te Mata o te Hiku:Mā te totoro roa o te retina ka raru pea te karu o te kanohi me te ngoikore o te tirohanga.
5. Te Ārai me te Whakahaere i te Myopia
Ahakoa kāore e taea te whakarerekē i te āheinga ira ki te mate kanohi pōuri, he maha ngā rautaki e ahu mai ana i ngā taunakitanga ka āwhina i te aukati i tōna tīmatanga, i te whakaroa rānei i tōna whanaketanga. Ko ēnei huarahi e arotahi ana ki ngā whakarerekētanga o te momo noho, ngā whakarerekētanga taiao, me te kitenga wawe:
1) Whakanuia te Wā e Noho Ana i Waho
E ai ki ngā rangahau, he mea nui te pānga o te māramatanga taiao ki te tiaki i te whanaketanga me te haere tonu o te myopia. Mā te akiaki i ngā tamariki kia noho ki waho i te iti rawa kia rua hāora ia rā ka āwhina i te whakahaere i te tipu o ngā kanohi me te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te myopia.
2) Whakamahia te Rūri 20-20-20
Hei whakaiti i te mamae o ngā kanohi i te mahi tata roa, whakamahia te ture 20-20-20: i ia 20 meneti, me okioki mō te 20 hēkona hei arotahi ki tētahi mea e 20 putu te tawhiti. Mā tēnei mahi māmā ka āwhina i te whakangāwari i te kiriuhi kanohi.ngā uaua, ā, ka ārai i te nui rawa o te noho.
3) Whakawhāitihia te Wā Mata
Ko te nui rawa o te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu matihiko, inā koa i roto i ngā tamariki, he hononga kaha ki te whanaketanga o te myopia. Whakatenatenahia ngā mahi rerekē, pērā i ngā hākinakina o waho, ngā mahi whakangahau, te tūhuratanga rānei i te taiao, hei whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā mahi arotahi tata.
4) Whakapai ake i ngā Āhuatanga Rama
Me whakarite kia mahia ngā mahi tirohanga katoa, tae atu ki te pānui, te tuhituhi, me te whakamahi i te mata, i roto i ngā taiao mārama. Mā te rama tika ka whakaiti i te taumahatanga tirohanga kore e hiahiatia, ā, ka pai ake te hauora o ngā kanohi.
5) Whakaritea he Whakamātautau Kanohi Auau
He mea nui ngā tirotiro kanohi whānui mō te kitenga wawe me te wawaotanga wā tika ki te whakahaere i te myopia. He mea nui rawa ngā tirotiro kanohi auau mō ngā tamariki me ngā tāngata whai hītori whānau mō te myopia, kia taea ai ngā mahi whakatika tika me te aroturuki i te haere whakamua.
6. Te Matapōkere i te Ao Mamati
Nā te pikinga ake o ngā taputapu matihiko kua whai hua ai ō tātou oranga, engari i whai wāhi anō hoki ki te pikinga ake o ngā keehi myopia puta noa i te ao. E mōhiotia ana ko te "digital eye strain" ko te "computer vision syndrome" rānei, ka taea e te whakamahinga roa o te mata te whakanui ake i ngā tohu o te tirohanga tata.
Ngā Rautaki mō te Whakaiti i te Taumahatanga o ngā Kanohi Mamati
Hei whakaiti i ngā pānga kino o te whakamahinga roa o ngā mata tirotiro, me te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te whanaketanga o te myopia, ka tūtohutia kia whai i ēnei mahi:
1) Whakapai ake i te kanapa o te mata:Whakatikatikahia te kanapa o ngā mata matihiko kia ōrite ki te māramatanga o te taiao i roto i te rūma. Mā tēnei ka whakaitihia te kanapa, ā, ka ārai i te taumahatanga o ngā kanohi e puta mai ana i te rerekētanga nui rawa.
2) Kia mau tonu te tawhiti tirotiro tika:Me whakarite kia tika te tawhiti o ngā mata, kia tata ki te roa o te ringa, hei whakaiti i te taumahatanga o te kanohi. Hei tāpiri, me whakanoho te mata ki raro iho i te taumata o te kanohi hei āwhina i te tirohanga māori.
3) Whakaharatauhia te kimo haere tonu:He mea nui te kimo pinepine kia mau tonu te makuku o ngā kanohi, kia whakaiti hoki i te maroke e pā ana ki te whakamahinga roa o te mata. Ngāna kia kimo pinepine, kia āta tirohia hoki kia pai ai te hanga o te kiriata roimata.
Mā te whakauru i ēnei mahi ārai mate ki roto i ngā mahi o ia rā, ka taea e te tangata te whakaiti i te pānga o te taumahatanga o ngā kanohi matihiko, me te āwhina hoki ki te tiaki i ō rātou kanohi mai i ngā pānga kino o te roa o te noho ki mua i te mata.
7. Whakamutunga
He āwangawanga nui te ao whānui mō te myopia, engari mā te mōhiotanga tika me ngā mahi matatau, ka taea te whakahaere pai. Ahakoa mā te whakarerekētanga o te āhua noho, mā te arotahi whakatikatika, mā te maimoatanga matatau rānei, ka taea te pupuri i te tirohanga hauora.
At WHIRITANGA ATAAHUA, ehara mātou i te kaiwhakarato arotahi kanohi noa iho—ko mātou tō hoa mahi tiaki kanohi. Whakapā mai ki a mātou i tēnei rā ki te tūhura i ā mātou otinga mō te myopia, me te mahi i te taahiraa tuatahi ki te tirohanga pai ake māu me tō whānau.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-18-2024