Kua riro te myopia (te tirohanga tata) hei raruraru nui puta noa i te ao mō ngā taiohi,e rua ngā take matua e akiakihia ana: te roa o te mahi tata (pēnei i te 4-6 hāora ia rā o ngā mahi kāinga, ngā akomanga ipurangi, ngā kēmu rānei) me te iti o te wā i waho. E ai ki ngā raraunga a te World Health Organization (WHO), neke atu i te 80% o ngā taiohi i Āhia ki te Rawhiti e pāngia ana e te myopia—he nui ake i te toharite o te ao o te 30%. Ko te mea e nui ake ai te āwangawanga ko ngā kanohi o ngā taiohi kei roto tonu i te wā whanaketanga nui: ka tere te toro o ō rātou toki kanohi (te tawhiti mai i te cornea ki te retina) i waenga i te 12-18 tau. Ki te kore e whakahaerea, ka kino ake te myopia mā te 100-200 nekehanga ia tau, ka piki ake te mōrearea o ngā raruraru kanohi mō te wā roa pēnei i te myopia teitei, te wehenga o te retina, tae atu ki te glaucoma i te pakeketanga.
Ko ngā karāhe tirohanga kotahi tuku iho ka whakatika noa i te tirohanga pōuri mō te tawhiti—kāore e taea te whakaroa i te whanaketanga o te myopia. Koinei te wāhi e tū ai ngā karāhe whakakore arotahi maha-ira hei otinga whakarerekē i te kēmu. Kāore i rite ki ngā karāhe tuku iho, e hanga ana i te "hyperopic defocus" (he ahua pōuri) i muri i te retina, ka whakamahia e ēnei karāhe motuhake he huinga tika o ngā tautau karāhe iti, ngā rohe whatu rānei puta noa i te mata o te karāhe. Mā tēnei hoahoa ka whakarite kia koi te tirohanga pokapū mō ngā mahi o ia rā (pēnei i te pānui pukapuka, te mātakitaki rānei i te papa pango o te akomanga) me te hanga i te "myopic defocus" (ngā ahua taha mārama ake) i ngā wāhi o waho o te retina. Ka tukuna e tēnei whakakore arotahi taha he tohu "mutu te tipu" koiora ki te kanohi, ka whakaroa i te roa o te tuaka kanohi—te pūtake o te kino haere o te myopia. Kua whakaatuhia tonutia e ngā rangahau haumanu puta noa i Āhia me Ūropi ko ngā karāhe whakakore arotahi maha-ira ka whakaiti i te whanaketanga o te myopia mā te 50-60% ki te whakataurite ki ngā karāhe tuku iho.
Haunga te mahi matua o ēnei karāhe arotahi hei whakahaere i te tirohanga tawhiti, he mea hanga motuhake ēnei karāhe arotahi mō ngā momo noho hohe o ngā taiohi. Ko te nuinga he mea hanga mai i te rauemi polycarbonate ātete-pānga, ka taea te tu atu ki ngā takahanga tūpono (he mea noa ki ngā peke tuara, ki ngā taputapu hākinakina rānei) ā, he 10 ngā wā he roa ake i ngā karāhe arotahi karāhe noa. He mama hoki—he 30-50% te iti iho i ngā karāhe arotahi tuku iho—ka whakaiti i te taumaha o ngā kanohi me te kore whakamarie ahakoa kua 8+ hāora te mau (he rā kura katoa me ngā mahi i muri i te kura). He maha ngā tauira kei roto hoki te tiaki UV kua hangaia, hei tiaki i ngā kanohi o ngā taiohi mai i ngā hihi UVA/UVB kino ina noho ana rātou i waho (hei tauira, te hikoi ki te kura, te tākaro whutupaoro rānei).
Hei whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o ngā karāhe arotahi, me hono atu ki ngā tikanga tirohanga māmā engari pumau. He ngāwari te whai i te ture "20-20-20": i ia 20 meneti o te mata, i te mahi tata rānei, tirohia he mea e 20 putu (tata ki te 6 mita) te tawhiti mō te 20 hēkona hei whakangāwari i ngā uaua kanohi kua nui rawa te mahi. E taunaki ana hoki ngā tohunga kia 2 hāora te wā i waho i ia rā—ka āwhina te hihi o te rā ki te whakahaere i ngā tohu tipu o te kanohi, ā, ka whakaroa i te myopia. Hei tāpiri, he mea nui ngā tirotiro kanohi ā-hauwhā: ka taea e ngā tākuta kanohi te aroturuki i te haere whakamua o te myopia me te whakarerekē i ngā whakaritenga mō te karāhe arotahi ina hiahiatia kia mau tonu ai ki te hauora kanohi e huri haere ana o ngā taiohi.
Ehara i te mea he taputapu whakatikatika tirohanga noa iho ngā karāhe whakakore arotahi maha-ira—he haumitanga ki te hauora o ngā kanohi o ngā taiohi mō te wā roa. Mā te aro ki te pūtake o te whanaketanga o te myopia me te urutau pai ki ngā oranga o ngā taiohi, ka tukuna he huarahi pono hei tiaki i te tirohanga mārama i nāianei me te heke mai.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 25-2025